Huperzia selago
FIR CLUBMOSS, native,
Species-poor heath

Selaginella selaginoides
LESSER CLUBMOSS, native,
Damp species-rich heath, fens and flushes.

Equisetum fluviatile
WATER HORSETAIL, native,
Standing or slow moving water.Found in the Roadmire area.

E.arvense
FIELD HORSETAIL, native,
Various habitats, found at Gairy.

E.palustre
MARSH HORSETAIL, native,
Fens and flushes, e.g. the Roadmire area.

Polypodium vulgare
COMMON POLYPODY, native,
Rock outcrops, shady dykes, storm beaches.

Asplenium adiantum-nigrum
BLACK SPLEENWORT, native,
rock outcrops.

A. marinum
SEA SPLEENWORT, native,
Sea cliffs. Plentiful at Githigeo.

A. trichomanes
MAIDENHAIR SPLEENWORT, native,
Rock crevices

A. ruta-muraria
WALL-RUE, native,
Rock outcrops and Ancient Monuments.

Athyrium filix-femina
LADY FERN, native,
tall herb.

Cystopteris fragilis
BRITTLE BLADDER-FERN, native,
Wet rock outcrops, usually in heath or peat.

Dryopteris filix-mas
MALE FERN, native,
Variable

D.affinis ssp affinis
SCALY BUCKLER FERN, native,
tall herb.

D. affinis ssp borreri
SCALY MALE-FERN, native,
tall herb, sometimes on soft sea-cliff.

D. dilatata
BROAD BUCKLER-FERN, native,
tall herb, species-poor heath

Blechnum spicant
HARD FERN, native,
blanket peat, species-poor heath

Caltha palustris
MARSH MARIGOLD, native,
Burns, drains and loch sides

Ranunculus acris
MEADOW BUTTERCUP, native in various places,
tall herb, swamp and fen

R. repens
CREEPING BUTTERCUP, native?,
Cultivated and waste ground, grows at Sand o’ Mason.

R. bulbosus
BULBOUS BUTTERCUP, native,
Links, machair and dry turf, flowewring in late spring.

R. flammula
LESSER SPEARWORT, native,
various wet places, ditches, fen; on Fitty Hill.

R. ficaria ssp ficaria
LESSER CELANDINE, native,
Various, mainly damp and shady places, also roadside verges; e.g. at Littlehouse.

R. baudotii
BRACKISH WATER-CROWFOOT, native,
open water, usually brackish or near sea.

R. trichophyllus
THREAD-LEAVED WATER-CROWFOOT, native,
small open water

R. aquatilis
WATER-CROWFOOT, native,
small open water areas

Thalictrum alpinum
ALPINE MEADOW-RUE, native,
eacliff heath, fen, basic flushes

Papaver dubium
LONG-HEADED POPPY, native?,
cultivated and waste ground; grows at Hallobrig.

Fumaria capreolata
WHITE RAMPING FUMITORY, weed of cultivation;
found at Roadmire.

Urtica dioica
STINGING NETTLE, native,
common, cultivated and waste ground

U. urens
SMALL NETTLE, native,
cultivated sandy ground, dunes

Suaeda maritima
SEA-BLITE, native,
sheltered sea-shores, sometimes clifftops

Montia fontana agg.
BLINKS, native,
various bare damp places; at White Moss.

Honckenya peploides
SEA SANDWORT, native,
common, sandy beaches and dunes

Stellaria media
CHICKWEED, native,
common, cultivated or waste ground and bird cliffs

S. graminea
LESSER STITCHWORT, native,
wet places, usually at roadsides; found in Noup area.

S. uliginosa
BOG STITCHWORT, native,
tall herb, swamp

Cerastium fontanum ssp vulgare
COMMON MOUSE-EAR CHICKWEED, native,
common, variable habitats

C. glomeratum
STICKY MOUSE-EAR CHCKWEED, native,
common, waste or cultivated ground

C. diffusum
SEA MOUSE-EAR CHICKWEED, native,
turf near sea

Sagina nodosa
KNOTTED PEARLWORT, native,
basic flushes, fen

S. procumbens
PROCUMBENT PEARLWORT, native,
abundant

S. maritima
SEA PEARLWORT, native,
seashores, cliffs, piers, causeways

Spergula arvensis
CORN SPURREY, native,
cultivated and waste ground; becoming less abundant. Still found in Skaill area.

Spergularia media
GREATER SEA-SPURREY, native,
Seashores, saltmarsh, cliffs and clifftops at Aikerness.

S. marina
LESSER SEA-SPURREY, native in less exposed sties than media.
Skaill area.

Lychnis flos-cuculi
RAGGED ROBIN, native,
fens and marshes, damp verges, species-rich heath. Grows at Rapness Mill but not at the north end of the island.

Silene acaulis
MOSS CAMPION, native,
grows at the back of Fitty Hill, sometimes in close company with Primula scotica.

Silene uniflora
SEA CAMPION, native,
sea-cliffs and shingle beaches. Profuse along Rapness Cliffs.

S. dioica
RED CAMPION, native,
tall herb and nitrogen-rich sites

Persicaria viviparia
ALPINE BISTORT, native,
usually breck-stony, often species rich heath; found at Backarass.

P. amphibia
AMPHIBIOUS BISTORT, native,
open water and wet ground

P. lapathifolia
PALE PERSICARIA, weed of cultivation

Rumex aceteosella
SHEEPS SORREL, common native,
Acid cultivated ground, species-poor heath, blanket bog.

R. acetosa
SORREL, SOUROS , common native,
fens, maritime heath, verges and banks

R. longifolius
LONG-LEAVED DOCK,
Native, common, cultivated ground

R. crispus
CURLED DOCK, native,
common, weed of cultivation and on sea shores

R. obtusifolius
BROAD-LEAVED DOCK,BULOWANS, common native,
cultivated and waste ground

Armeria maritima
THRIFT, SEA-PINK, common native,
cliffs and exposed clifftop sward, plentiful around Noup Head.

Hypericum pulchrum
SLENDER ST JOHN’S WORT, native,
grassy or species-rich heaths.

Viola riviniana
COMMON DOG-VIOLET, native,
dry often species-rich heath, banks and cliffs; along Noup Road.

V. tricolor ssp tricolor
HEART’S-EASE PANSY, native,
as both a weed of cultivation and persistent on machair

V. arvensis
FIELD PANSY, native,
cultivated ground; at Jerusalem.

Salix repens var. repens
CREEPING WILLOW, native,
various types of heath, banks, heathy clifftops, Backarass.

S. herbacea
DWARF WILLOW, native,
feldfield on the hilltops; also at Backarass.

Arabidopsis thaliana
THALE CRESS, native?,
crevices in paving, walls, waste ground

Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum
WATERCRESS, native,
open water

Cardamine pratensis
LADY’S SMOCK, native,
damp pasture, fen and marsh, verges and ditches

C. flexuosa
WAVY BITTER-CRESS, native,
gardens, waste places; at Lightcost.

Arabis hirsuta
HAIRY ROCK-CRESS, native,
rock crevices, may be extinct on Westray; its only Orkney site: at Lightcost..

Cochlearia officinalis
SCURVY-GRASS, common native,
Sea cliffs (especially around seabird colonies), rocky shores, saltmarsh, cliff-top turf.

Capsella bursa-pastoris
SHEPHERD’S-PURSE, Weed of cultivation,
common, especially around human artefacts.

Sinapis arvensis
CHARLOCK, Weed of cultivated and waste ground

Cakile maritima
SEA ROCKET, native,
strand lines and sea-shores; grows at Avertaft

Raphanus raphanistrum
WILD MUSTARD, RUNCHO, Common weed of cultivated and waste ground

Empetrum nigrum ssp nigrum
CROWBERRY, native,
widespread in heaths and hills, especially near sea; found on Fitty Hill.

Arctostaphylos alpinus
ALPINE BLAEBERRY, native,
feldfield, blanket bog

Calluna vulgaris
HEATHER, common native,
Blanket peat, heaths, hills

Erica tetralix
CROSS-LEAVED HEATH, native,
Hill, wet heath, flushes

E. cinerea
BELL HEATHER, native,
dryish peat or heath; at Wurhoose.

Primula vulgaris
PRIMROSE, common native,
grassy sea banks, dunes, grassy heath, burnsides and roadside verges.

Primula vulgaris X veris = P. p o lyantha
FALSE OXLIP, native,
where both parent plants occur; i.e at Newcastle.

Primula veris
COWSLIP, native,
links, grassy sea banks. On Westray grows at the Westside and on the Links of Noltland.

Primula scotica
SCOTTISH PRIMROSE, native,
maritime heath, machair and links. On Westray, can be found on the western maritime heath, especially to the west of Fitty Hill and on the Aikerness Hill. Formerly common on the Hill of Noup. Two flowering seasons from mid-May to mid-June and again from mid-July to mid-August. The first period typically produces many long-stemmed, multi-headed blooms.

Anagallis tenella
BOG PIMPERNEl, native,
fen, flushes, wet machair

Glaux maritima
SEA MILKWORT, native,
stony cliff tops, seashore, saltmarsh; at Avertaft.

Sedum rosea
ROSEROOT, native,
in geos and on cliffs; plentiful at Githigeo.

S. acre
WALL PEPPER,introduced?,
seashores and links, planted on walls and roofs.

Parnassia palustris
GRASS OF PARNASSUS, common native,
fen and wet machair.

Filipendula ulmaria
MEADOW-SWEET, native,
common in marshes, fens. burnsides, roadsides

Potentilla palustris
MARSH CINQUEFOIL, native,
swamp, marshes, old peat cuttings; at Fribo and White Moss.

P. anserina
SILVERWEED, native,
persistent in various habitats

P. erecta
TORMENTIL, native,
various heaths, grassy sea banks, verges; common at Rapness cliffs.

Alchemilla glabra
LADY’S-MANTLE, native,
short turf, banks

Anthyllis vulneraria
KIDNEY VETCH, native,
not on acidic ground, dry turf, banks, rock outcrops; thought to be declining.

Lotus corniculatus
BIRD’S-FOOT TREFOIL, native,
very common but mainly on species-rich heath.

Vicia cracca
TUFTED VETCH, native,
banks, field margins, roadside verges and ungrazed rough pasture; at Coastguards.

V. sepium
BUSH VETCH, native,
rough heathy and rushy places; at Coastguards.

V. sativa
COMMON VETCH, introduced,
cultivated and waste ground, at Russland.

Lathyrus pratensis
MEADOW VETCHLING, native,
various, roadside, banks.

Trifolium repens
WHITE CLOVER, introduced?,
common in most grassy habitat.

T. hybridum
ALSIKE, introduced
relict of cultivation.

T. campestre
HOP TREFOIL, introduced,
rare on cultivated ground.

T. pratense
RED CLOVER, native,
grassy heaths, old pastures, verges and waysides.

Ulex europaeus
GORSE, WHIN, native?,
not common, also known to have been planted. Grows above Sangar.

Epilobium hirsutum
GREAT HAIRY WILLOWHERB, introduced;
Fribo.

E. parviflorum
SMALL-FLOWERED WILLOWHERB, native,
wet machair

E. montanum
BROAD LEAVED WILLOWHERB, native?,
weed of cultivation but sometimes tall herb.

E. palustre
MARSH WILLOWHERB, native,
damp places

Chamerion angustifolium
ROSEBAY WILLOWHERB, could be native or introduced,
found in some wild places.

Fuchsia magellanica
FUCHSIA, introduced,
common, sets fertile seed.

Euphorbia helioscopia
SUN SPURGE, weed of cultivation

Linum catharticum
PURGING FLAX, native,
base-rich sites

Radiola linoides
ALLSEED, native,
damp, usually species-poor heath with barish patches

Polygala vulgaris
COMMON MILKWORT, native,
Basic rock outcrops, dunes etc.

P. serpyllifolia
HEATH MILKWORT, native,
heaths, dry peat, banks. Grows on Fitty Hill.

Acer pseudoplatanus
SYCAMORE, introduced in gardens and plantations, occasionally self-sown.

Geranium pusillum
SMALL-FLOWERED CRANES-BILL, not native?
waste ground in the Pierowall area.

Impatiens glandulifera
INDIAN BALSAM, introduced,
waste places.

Hedera hibernica var ‘Hibernica’
IRISH IVY, introduced,
the most common cultivated Ivy.

Hydrocotyle vulgaris
MARSH PENNYWORT, common native,
marshes, wet places in old pasture and heath.

Anthriscus sylvestris
COW PARSLEY, native,
waste ground and verges

Myrrhis odorata
SWEET CICILY, MYRRH, garden outcast.

Aegopodium podagrariai
GROUND ELDER, BISHOP-WEED, common,
persistent garden weed

Apium inundatum
MARSH-WORT, native,
shallow pools, loch margins

Carum carvi
CARAWAY, CARVIE, introduced?,
sandy pasture, often near houses; grows at Cottahowan.

Ligusticum scoticum
SCOTTISH LOVAGE,
grows along the Rapness cliffs and possibly elsewhere.

Angelica sylvestris
WILD ANGELICA, CAIKO, native,
heath, dales, verges; at Rapness Mill.

A. archangelica
GARDEN ANGELICA, introduced around Pierowall and Broughton, said to be a relict of Viking colonisation.
Possibly declining.

Heracleum sphondylium
HOGWEED, native,
weed of cultivation or verges and waste ground.

Gentianella amarella
FELWORT, AUTUMN GENTIAN, native,
found at Backarass and Sand o’ Mason.

Calystegia sepium
HEDGE BINDWEED, introduced garden escape.

Menyanthes trifoliata
BOGBEAN, native,
fens and loch margins; found at Fribo.

Anchusa arvensis
BUGLOSS, native?,
sandy fields and pastures.

Martensia maritima
OYSTER PLANT, native,
formerly found at Kirbist but not seen for several years; possibly exinct.

Myosotis laxa
TUFTED FORGET-ME-NOT, native,
fens and small pools; at White Moss.

M. arvensis
FIELD SCORPION-GRASS, native,
weed of cultivation and waste ground

Stachys sylvatica x palustris = S. x ambigua
LAMB’S-LUGS, almost always introduced,
weed of cultivation and waste ground.

Lamium purpureum
RED DEAD-NETTLE, common native,
weed of cultivation.

L. confertum
NORTHERN DEAD-NETTLE, native, weed of cultivation, often with the above species.

Galeopsis tetrahit
COMMON HEMP-NETTLE, native?,
abundant weed of cultivation.

Glechoma hederacea
GROUND IVY, not native,
garden outcast, nearly naturalised in places; recently found.

Prunella vulgaris
SELF-HEAL, native,
various heath types, old pasture e.g. at Skaill.

Thymus polytrichus ssp britannicus
WILD THYME, native,
especially in species- rich heath and maritime heath; at Backarass and Old Kirk.

Mentha aquatica
WATER MINT, native,
marshes, ditches; common at Roadmire.

Hippuris vulgaris
MARE’S-TAIL, common native,
Standing water, usually in small lochs or ditches.

Callitriche hermaphroditica
AUTUMNAL WATER-STARWORT, native,
Lochs, rarely small pools.

C. stagnalis
COMMON WATER-STARWORT, native,
small pools, ditches, sometimes wet mud.

C. hamulata
INTERMEDIATE WATER-STARWORT, native,
not usually in nutrient-rich waters.

Plantago coronopus
BUCK’S-HORN PLANTAIN, common native,
strictly maritime.

P. maritima
SEA PLANTAIN, common native,
often inland, very common but not on wet peat.

P. major
GREATER PLANTAIN, native?,
usually in cultivated or recently abandoned land.

P. lanceolata
RIBWORT, SOLDIERS, native,
various habitats including maritime heath and roadside verges.

Littorella uniflora
SHOREWEED, native,
stony or slightly muddy loch margins.

Veronica serpyllifolia
THYME-LEAVED SPEEDWELL, introduced?,
common, often a garden weed

V. officinalis
COMMON SPEEDWELL, common native,
dry banks, rock outcrops.

V. chamaedrys
GERMANDER SPEEDWELL, said to be introduced,
cultivated or waste ground, found around Westside Mill.

V. beccabunga
BROOKLIME, native,
wet ditches, burns, loch margins.

V. anagallis-aquatica
WATER-SPEEDWELL, native,
burns, wet ditches and swamp; at Fribo.

V. persica
BUXBAUM’S SPEEDWELL, introduced?, Weed of cultivation?

Euphrasia agg.
EYEBRIGHTS, common natives,
very varied habitats.

E. confusa
EYEBRIGHT, native,
very variable, usually with grass species.

E. foulaensis
EYEBRIGHT, native,
short turf, sea banks, saltmarsh.

E. micrantha
EYEBRIGHT, native,
wet heath, flushes, perhaps saltmarsh.

Odontites vernus
RED BARTSIA, native,
usually sandy sites; found at Rapness Mill and Garth.

Rhinanthus minor agg.
YELLOW RATTLE, native,
damp heath, fen and wet machair.

Pedicularis palustris
RED RATTLE, native,
species-rich heath, fen

P. sylvatica
LOUSEWORT, native,
heaths, hill; Skaill Area and Rapness Mill.

Pinguicula vulgaris
BUTTERWORT, native,
nutrient-poor heath; at Powdykes.

Galium palustre ssp
MARSH BEDSTRAW, native,
marshes; at Roadmire.

G. verum
LADY’S BEDSTRAW, native,
mainly machair and links; at Rapness cliffs.

G. sterneri
LIMESTONE BEDSTRAW, native,
varied, dry machair, flagstone outcrops, dry turf.

G. saxatile
HEATH BEDSTRAW, native,
heaths and hill.

G. aparine
GOOSEGRASS, CLEAVERS, STICKY WILLIE, native,
waste ground.

Sambucus nigra
ELDER, introduced,
often near houses and in waste ground.

Lonicera periclymenum
HONEYSUCKLE, planted in gardens, especially Pierowall.

Succisa pratensis
DEVIL’S-BIT SCABIOUS, common native in various species
-rich habitats.

Cirsium vulgare
SPEAR THISTLE, common native,
normally a weed of cultivation, and waste ground

C. palustre
MARSH THISTLE, common native,
marsh and tall herb community.

C. arvense
CREEPING THISTLE, quite common native,
weed of cultivation.

Centaurea nigra
HARDHEADS, KNAPWEED, common native,
dry or sandy pastures, links, roadsides.

Cichorium intybus
CHICORY, introduced,
relict of cultivation.

Hypochaeris radicata
CAT’S-EAR, native,
dryish banks, heaths and grassland.

Leontodon autumnalis
AUTUMNAL HAWKBIT, native,
near the sea but often well inland, roadside verges etc.

Sonchus arvensis
CORN SOWTHISTLE, native,
seashore, cultivated and waste ground.

S. oleraceus
COMMON SOWTHISTLE, native,
cultivated and waste ground.

S. asper
PRICKLY SOWTHISTLE, native,
cultivated and waste ground, rock crevices.

Taraxacum ssp.
DANDELIONS, commom native or introduced,
very varied, the sub-species are under-recorded.

T. faeroense
DANDELION, native,
grassy heath and fen.

T. polyodon
DANDELION, rare native,
locality unknown.

Hieracium scoticum
HAWKWEED, rare native.

H. caledonicum
HAWKWEED, rare native.

Antennaria dioica
MOUNTAIN EVERLASTING, CAT’S-FOOT, native,
dry short heath, rock outcrops.

Inula helenium
ELECAMPANE, Introduced,
waste places, sea banks, often well naturalised

Solidago virgaurea
GOLDEN-ROD, native,
cliffs, rock outcrops, heath.

Aster tripolium
SEA ASTER, native,
shingly saltmarsh, and sea cliffs; on both sides of Bay of Tuquoy at Damaquoy and Tuquoy.

Bellis perennis
DAISY, common native,
short turf and weed of cultivation.

Tanacetum vulgare
TANSY, introduced,
only two sites on Westray, i.e. at Pertglen.

Artemisia vulgaris
MUGWORT, native,
machair and links.

Achillea ptarmica
SNEEZEWORT, native,
swamp and wet meadows, i.e. at Gairy and Garth.

A. millefolium
YARROW, common native,
well drained, usually near habitations.

Leucanthemum vulgare
OX-EYE DAISY, native?,
grassy banks, roadside verges and old pasture; formerly found in the old quarry at Cleat but not seen for a few years. May be extinct.

Matricaria discoidea
PINEAPPLE WEED, common,
probably first introduced in 1930s with chicken feed.

Tripleurospermum maritimum
SEA MAYWEED, native,
strandlines, sea cliffs.

Senecio jacobaea x aquaticus
HYBRID RAGWORT, native
cultivated and waste ground, also invades natural habitats.

S. vulgaris
GROUNDSEL, native,
cultivated and waste ground.

Tussilago farfara
TUSHILAGO, COLT’S-FOOT, native,
cultivated ground, verges, often on clay.

Triglochin palustris
MARSH ARROW-GRASS, native,
fens, swamp, saltmarsh.

T. maritima
SEA ARROW-GRASS, native,
saltmarsh, seashores.

Potomageton polygonifolius
BOG PONDWEED, native,
pools in blanket bog and in hill lochs; at White Moss.

P. gramineus
VARIOUS-LEAVED PONDWEED, native,
open water, absent from nutrient-rich lochs.

P. perfoliatus
PERFOLIATE PONDWEED, native,
open water, sometimes fairly deep.

P. freisii
FLAT-STALKED PONDWEED, native,
shallow open water.

P. pusillus
LESSER PONDWEED, native,
open water.

P. berchtoldii
SMALL PONDWEED, native,
small areas of open water.

P. crispus
CURLED PONDWEED, native,
shallow open water.

P. filiformis
SLENDER PONDWEED, native,
open water except on peat.

P. pectinatus
FENNEL-LEAVED PONDWEED,
brackish open water

Zostera marina
EELGRASS, native,
marine well below low water mark.

Juncus squarrosus
HEATH RUSH, native,
hills and heaths.

J. gerardii
MUD RUSH, native,
saltmarsh, or in turf above high water mark on shores.

J. bufonius
TOAD RUSH, native,
marsh and saltmarsh.

J. articulatus
JOINTED RUSH, native,
widespread in fens, loch margins.

J. bulbosus
BULBOUS RUSH, native,
wet peat, peaty pools, shallow burns.

J. effusus
SOFT RUSH, native,
marshes.

J. conglomeratus
COMPACT RUSH, native,
marshes.

Luzula sylvatica
GREAT WOODRUSH, native,
increasingly dominant on sea and inland cliffs.

L. campestris
FIELD WOODRUSH, native,
damp lawns, banks, grassy heath.

L. multiflora
HEATH WOODRUSH, native,
heaths, often difficult to distinguish from preceding species.

Eriophorum angustifolium
COMMON COTTONGRASS, native,
fens, marshes and ditches.

Trichophorum cespitosum
DEER-GRASS, native,
species-poor heath, blanket bog.

Eleocharis palustris
COMMON SPIKE-RUSH, native,
loch margins and marsh.

E. uniglumis
ONE-GLUMED SPIKE-RUSH, native,
marshes, pools, loch edge.

E. quinqueflora
FEW-FLOWERED SPIKE-RUSH, native on wet flushes.

Bolboschoenus maritimus
SEA CLUB-RUSH, not seen for many years at its only Orkney site at the Ayre of Roadmire.

Schoenus nigricans
BLACK BOG-RUSH, native,
basic flushes and fens.

Carex arenaria
SAND SEDGE, native,
dunes.

C. maritima
CURVED SEDGE, native,
damp machair, dune slacks.

C. ovalis
OVAL SEDGE, native,
often in neglected pastures.

C. rostrata
BOTTLE SEDGE, native,
slow-moving water, pools.

C. flacca
GLAUCOUS SEDGE, native,
species-rich and maritime heath, fens; at Backarass.

C. panicea
CARNATION SEDGE, native,
species-poor to maritime heath.

C. binervis
GREEN-RIBBED SEDGE, native,
heath.

C. hostiana
TAWNY SEDGE, native,
fen, damp grassland.

C. viridula ssp oedocarpa
YELLOW SEDGE, native,
wet heath, muddy flushes.

C. nigra
COMMON SEDGE, native,
species-poor heath, peat.

C. pulicaris
FLEA SEDGE, native,
fen, species-rich heath.

Nardus stricta
MAT GRASS, native,
heaths and feldfield.

Festuca arundinacea
TALL FESCUE, introduced,
loch sides and roadsides.

F. r ubra
RED FESCUE, native,
everywhere.

F. vivipara
VIVIPAROUS FESCUE, native,
hill, wet heath.

Lolium perenne
PERENNIAL RYEGRASS, native?,
good pasture, verges, lawns.

L. multiflorum
ITALIAN RYEGRASS, introduced,
verges and waste ground.

Cynosurus cristatus
CRESTED DOG’S-TAIL, native,
pasture, banks, verges.

Puccinellia capillaris
COMMON SALTMARSH-GRASS, native,
saltmarsh.

Poa annua
ANNUAL MEADOW-GRASS, native,
abundant.

P. trivialis
ROUGH MEADOW-GRASS, native,
damp pasture, sometimes sown.

P. humilis
SPREADING MEADOW-GRASS, native,
natural pasture, banks, maritime heath.

Dactylis glomerata
COCKSFOOT, introduced?,
leys, persisting in rough pastures and roadside verges.

Catabrosa aquatica
WHORL-GRASS, native,
burns in machair or outflows to sandy seashores.

Glyceria fluitans
FLOATING SWEET-GRASS, native,
ditches, loch margins.

Arrhenatherum elatius
FALSE OAT-GRASS, native?,
old pasture, field margins, verges.

Deschampsia cespitosa
TUFTED HAIR-GRASS, native.

Aira praecox
EARLY HAIR-GRASS, native,
poor soils, dry banks.

Anthoxanthum odoratum
SWEET VERNAL-GRASS, native,
old grassland, species-rich heath, banks.

Phalaris arundinacea
REED CANARY-GRASS, native
fen and swamp.

Agrostis capillaris
COMMON BENT, native,
pasture, maritime heath.

A. gigantea
BLACK BENT, not native?,
waste ground.

A. stolonifera
CREEPING BENT, native,
damp pasture, fen.

A. canina
VELVET BENT, native,
permanent pasture.

Ammophila arenaria
MARRAM, native,
dunes.

Alopecurus geniculatus
MARSH FOXTAIL, native,
wet pasture.

Phleum pratense
TIMOTHY, introduced,
persistent relict of cultivation.

Elytrigia repens
COUCH, native,
waste and cultivated ground.

E. juncea
SAND COUCH, native,
outer dune margins.

Leymus arenarius
LYME GRASS, native,
sand dunes.

Danthonia decumbens
HEATH GRASS, native,
heaths, dry grassy banks.

Molinia caerulea
PURPLE MOOR-GRASS, native,
various types of heath.

Phragmites australis
REED, native,
fen, open water, marsh, i.e. Roadmire.

Narthecium ossifragium
BOG ASPHODEL, native,
common in late summer on the western maritime heath; plentiful in August on Fitty Hill.

Scilla verna
SPRING SQUILL, native,
good displays above the western cliffs and Noup Head.

Iris pseudacorus
YELLOW FLAG, SEGS, native,
marshes, lochs, ditches, burns.

Dactylorhiza maculata ssp ericetorum
MOORLAND SPOTTED ORCHID, native,
maritime heath and hills.

D. purpurella
NORTHERN FEN ORCHID,
marsh, roadside verges, grassy banks.